![]() At this point, one to two white eggs will be laid in the nest and the female will incubate for around 40 days. The sealing material is a mixture of feces, food and mud. When the site has been chosen, the female will enter the cavity and both birds will seal the entrance to the cavity, leaving only a slit large enough for food to passed into the nest and fecal material to be ejected from the nest. The pair search for the nesting site that has the smallest opening through which the female is able to squeeze through. The pairs begin by searching for a available nest cavity in a tree trunk or primary branch. The breeding season in the wild last from January until April. During the breeding season, both members of the pair defend their territory, advertising their presence with loud, trumpeting calls. Within the flock, the pairs of birds remain together and the males will routinely feed the female to maintain the pair-bond. Rhinoceros hornbills are typically observed in a pair, although it is common for them to be observed flocking in small parties while foraging for food. The habitat is primarily dense lowland evergreen forest (excluding swamp forests), hill dipterocarp forest and sections of logged forests. The range of the rhinoceros hornbill extends into the Malay peninsula, western Indonesia, Borneo, Java, and Sumatra. They are CITES listed as a Species at Risk (IUCN Lower Risk/Near Threatened). Primary threats to the population of rhinoceros hornbills are loss of habitat, poaching for the feathers and live bird market, and hunting for food. The males are slightly heavier, weighing in at 6.4 pounds compared to 4.5 to 5.2 pounds for the female. The overall body length including tail is approximately 47 inches with a wingspan measuring approximately 60 inches. The circumorbital skin is black, the eyes are red in the male and white in the female. The thighs and abdomen are white in color. ![]() Both the beak and casque are naturally white, but over the course of time they are stained orange and red by rubbing their beak against a gland beneath their tail. They have a large, bony casque and a lightweight but strong bill comprised of a dense covering over a sponge-like cellular tissue. The rhinoceros hornbill is a very large, primarily black bird with a white tail and a thick, black band near the center of the tail feathers. SSP Manager: Rachel Miller - Santa Barbara Zoo Description
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